According to data from the World Health Organization, it’s no surprise that women outlive men across the globe. This isn’t just a human trait; it’s seen in many other species as well, hinting that both hormonal and genetic factors play significant roles. Experts agree that a mix of biological makeup and lifestyle choices contribute to this difference.
Hormones That’s Shielding Women
One major reason for this phenomenon points to the hormonal balance in women’s bodies: hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are more than just chemical messengers; they’re true allies in promoting health. They have a knack for boosting the immune system and act as natural defenders against oxidative stress. By neutralizing free radicals responsible for aging, these hormones help decrease the risk of heart-related issues.
On the flip side, we have testosterone in men. While it helps with strength and muscle, studies suggest that it could spur on some serious health issues in the long run. Testosterone has been connected to increased risks for a range of ailments including atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and even prostate cancer.
A fascinating study led by Korean scientist Han-Nam Park reinforces this idea. Researchers took a look at life records from the Imperial Court of Korea’s Joseon Dynasty way back in the 19th century, specifically assessing the lifespans of 81 eunuchs whose testosterone was effectively removed before they hit puberty.
And the results? These eunuchs lived around 70 years, far surpassing the typical lifespan of their male contemporaries, who averaged just 50 years. In fact, the study found these eunuchs had a much greater likelihood—130 times more—of reaching the century mark compared to the average Korean man back in those days.
Genetic Perks and Behavioral Choices
But it’s not just hormones. Genetics also plays a powerful role. Women possess two X chromosomes, while men only have one X and one Y. A study from the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging highlighted that having two X chromosomes allows for duplication of crucial genetic information. This redundancy can help buffer against potential mutations and genetic flaws, thereby strengthening resilience against various diseases.
Behavior contributes heavily too. Generally, women tend to prioritize healthier lifestyles. They’re known to drink less alcohol, eat better, and be more proactive when it comes to medical check-ups. Compared to men, women are much more inclined to keep up with preventive health measures and regular doctor visits. Historically, men have been less vigilant with their health, often ignoring risks and putting off medical appointments.
The Lifespan Difference
This life expectancy gap doesn’t just pop out of nowhere; it’s noticeable at birth and continues through different life stages:
Infants: Baby boys face greater risks from diseases and genetic issues, which leads to higher mortality rates.
Young Adults: As they grow older, young men find themselves in riskier situations, which contributes to the gap.
Seniors: Older males typically face more chronic health problems, and part of that is linked to a history of substance use.
While the trend of longer female lifespans holds true worldwide, the gap varies quite a bit depending on the location. For instance, in places like New Zealand or Nigeria, it’s just a few years, yet in countries like Belarus and Russia, the gap can be over ten years.
