UK News Immunity 'wanes after two doses of the Pfizer vaccine in all ages'

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Covid immunity wanes within six months of Pfizer's second vaccine no matter how old you are, a study has found as the NHS gears up to roll out annual boosters at a cost in the region of £1billion to taxpayers.

People who finished their two-dose course in January had a 51 per cent increased risk of catching the virus by July than those who were jabbed later, according to the research on more than a million Israelis.

Scientists claimed the increased risk of getting infected was visible among people of all ages, although the elderly remain face much higher odds of becoming severely ill.

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The study —  by Israeli researchers using medial data from 1.3million adults in the country — is the first to confirm that younger people also see their immunity against the virus wane within months. There was hope that protection would hold-up better in younger groups because they typically have stronger immune systems.

Israel, which has led the charge on vaccines throughout the pandemic, is already offering boosters to over-16s so long as five months have passed since their second dose. The researchers said it was too early to tell how quickly immunity wanes after a booster jab but it could last longer.

In the UK, top-up doses were approved for all over-50s, health and care home workers and severely ill patients in September and ministers expanded the programme to people in their forties this week.

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Vaccine advisers in Britain have admitted that they could be given to younger adults but they are waiting on more conclusive evidence on their safety and efficacy.

In a sign of the direction of travel, NHS England boss Amanda Pritchard yesterday said the health service is already putting plans in place to deliver a yearly Covid booster vaccine campaign in Britain.

No10 has already bought 35million doses of Pfizer's Covid jab — enough to cover the most vulnerable — for next autumn's booster jab drive, in a deal worth around £1billion. But the total price would be even higher if everyone needed a top-up dose, given the jabs are priced at around £22 a piece.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson has already conceded Britons might need proof of a booster jab to be considered 'fully vaccinated' in the future, in a move which could cause fresh chaos for holiday plans.

The study, by the KI Research Institute in Israel, used medical records from the private healthcare company Maccabi Healthcare Services.

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Some 365 per 100,000 people of all ages who were double-jabbed in January became infected with Covid between June 1 and July 27.

This was higher than those fully vaccinated in February (337), March (231) and April (170).

After adjusting for age and whether people were more vulnerable to Covid, the researchers found a statistically significant 51 per cent increased risk of infection after vaccination in the people inoculated earlier in the year.

They found a similar relative increase in risk for hospitalisation but it was not statistically significant. The findings are published in Nature Communications.

Dr Barak Mizrahi, a researcher in computational health for the KI Institute who led the study, told the Jerusalem Post: 'The vaccine's effectiveness wanes equally for everybody, according to the study.'

He said the results were consistent with lab studies which showed antibodies wane at between four and six months.

The findings come after Ms Pritchard yesterday suggested the NHS is gearing up for an annual booster vaccine rollout.

In a speech to the NHS Providers annual conference, Ms Pritchard said: 'We had the latest advice yesterday from the JCVI on extending (boosters) to the over-40s, as well as giving second doses to 16- and 17-year-olds, and I think we can expect further expansions in the future.

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'We are already thinking about how we can do annual booster vaccines, if they are needed.'

Professor Mike Tildesley, a member of the Government's scientific advisory group, said that repeated vaccinations could be offered 'for years to come' to keep Covid-19 at a bay.

He told Sky News: 'In the longer term, Covid is likely to become endemic and we probably are going to have to manage it with repeated vaccination campaigns for years to come.

Data published this week by the UK Health Security Agency revealed that people who get a third shot are 80 per cent less likely to get symptomatic Covid than those who had their second dose in spring.

There has not been enough time to measure the effect on hospitalisations and deaths but officials claimed protection is expected to be 'even higher'.

Compared to an unvaccinated person, people given boosters are more than 90 per cent less likely to fall ill with Covid.

Meanwhile, the Department for Health and Social Care said that 13million booster or third jab have been given so far across the UK, including more than 1million in the last three days.

It comes after research showed the three companies responsible for developing and distributing the two most commonly used Covid vaccines around the world are bringing in millions of pounds in profits every hour.

The People's Vaccine Alliance (PVA), an international non-profit working to close the global vaccine disparity, analysed the earnings reports of Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna and found that the companies will make a combined £25million ($34billion) in profit this year.

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When broken down, that is £70million ($93.5million) a day, £48,360 ($65,000) a minute and more than £744 ($1,000) every second of profit.

The companies have received widespread criticism for valuing rich contracts with western nations and protection of its intellectual property (IP) instead of making the jabs accessible in the developing world.

Maaza Seyoum of PVA Africa said: 'It is obscene that just a few companies are making millions of dollars in profit every single hour, while just two percent of people in low-income countries have been fully vaccinated against coronavirus.

'Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna have used their monopolies to prioritize the most profitable contracts with the richest governments, leaving low-income countries out in the cold.'