Health & Fit Vaccines may not work as well against the coronavirus variant detected in South Africa, research shows. People may also face a risk of reinfection.

These 2 Strange Symptoms Could Mean You've Already Had COVID

These two intimate symptoms may affect your sexual and reproductive health long after your other COVID symptoms have subsided.

A coronavirus variant identified in South Africa may not be as vulnerable to COVID-19 vaccines They are running the tests with blood from vaccinated people and those who caught the virus and Specifically, the variant found in South Africa has more mutations in its spike protein — which sticks

Scientists comparing the variant of the coronavirus found in South Africa to one first discovered in Britain have found concerning mutations in the U.K. scientists expressed concern on Monday that COVID-19 vaccines being rolled out in Britain may not be able to protect against a new variant of

© Felix Dlangamandla/Beeld/Gallo Images via Getty Images A volunteer receives an injection for a potential COVID-19 vaccine at the Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa on June 28, 2020. Felix Dlangamandla/Beeld/Gallo Images via Getty Images

• COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective against a more infectious version of the coronavirus first found in South Africa.
• New research shows the mutated strain can evade the antibodies developed in response to vaccination or infection with the original version of the coronavirus.
• But Pfizer has said it could update its shots to combat new variants in just six weeks.
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

At first, there was little evidence to suggest that COVID-19 vaccines wouldn't work against the mutated, more infectious versions of the virus that have emerged in the last few months.

Fast-spreading UK coronavirus variant: All your questions answered

It's spreading faster, but don't panic.A scary new strain of coronavirus, innocuously named B.1.1.7, has recently exploded across southeast England, prompting the government to tighten lockdowns on the region. Though we don't know all the details, experts are increasingly confident it is more easily transmitted than other strains. Here's everything we know so far about this novel strain.

South African variant may resist current antibody treatments. The variant of the new coronavirus identified in South Africa can resist, or "escape Similarities between the South Africa variant and another variant identified in Brazil suggest the Brazilian variant will show similar resistance, they added. "The data also suggest that the existing vaccines could be less effective against the South

A new variant of coronavirus circulating in South Africa is now being seen in other countries, including the UK. variant that scientists have been studying in the UK. Both the new South African and UK 'Kent' variants appear But even in the worst case scenario, vaccines can be redesigned and tweaked to be a better match in a The UK has detected two people with the South African variant

But preliminary research published this week suggests that a coronavirus variant detected in South Africa in December can partially evade the defenses vaccines build in our bodies' immune systems.

The research has not yet been peer-reviewed, but it suggests the variant, known as 501Y.V2, can escape antibodies developed in response to vaccination or infection with the original version of the virus. That may mean existing vaccines won't provide as much protection, and people who have already been infected with the original version of the virus could get reinfected with the new strain.

Penny Moore, a researcher at South Africa's National Institute for Communicable Diseases and co-author of the new study, said during a webinar on Monday that compelling data shows the mutations in 501.Y.V2 to be "problematic."

Ex-FDA commissioner says South African COVID strain is already in US

Peter Pitts, the co-founder of the Center for Medicine in the Public Interest, said Americans should assume the new mutant strain detected in South Africa already exists in the United States.Peter Pitts, the co-founder of the Center for Medicine in the Public Interest, said Americans should assume the mutant strain already exists in the country.

Because the new COVID-19 vaccines should still work on these viral interlopers. New COVID variants out of Britain, South Africa and Brazil appear to be more infectious, possibly because the spike protein has mutated to Herd immunity may not be achievable even with high vaccine uptake.

The variant of the new coronavirus identified in South Africa can resist, or "escape," antibodies that South African variant may resist current antibody treatments. The variant of the new The COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer Inc and BioNTech SE is likely to protect against the more infectious

Her group's research found that in half of samples studied in the lab, antibodies in the blood of people who had recovered from COVID-19 were unable to stop the variant.

"Based on Penny's data, it's likely that the vaccine is going to be somewhat less effective, but how much less effective we don't know," David Montefiori, a virologist at Duke University Medical Center who was not involved in the study, told CNN.

The variant can dodge our body's defenses

© Kirsty O'Connor/PA Images/Getty Images Stephen Craib, who recovered from COVID-19, makes a blood donation in London. Kirsty O'Connor/PA Images/Getty Images

Antibodies are protective proteins that our immune system generates when it senses a foreign substance, or antigen, in the body. These proteins are generated during an infection, and they're what a vaccine prompts the body to build in order to prevent illness.

Emerging Coronavirus Variants May Pose Challenges to Vaccines

The steady drumbeat of reports about new variants of the coronavirus — first in Britain, then in South Africa, Brazil and the United States — have brought a new worry: Will vaccines protect against these altered versions of the virus? © Samantha Reinders for The New York Times Health workers tended to a Covid-19 patient at Greenacres Hospital in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, in November. The answer so far is yes, several experts said in interviews.

Large clinical trials have shown that the vaccines by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna are about 95% effective against the novel coronavirus . Those trials, however, were done before the UK variant started its explosive growth. Bedford said he doesn't believe the vaccine will be useless against the

South Africa has been seeking to source vaccines in three ways: via the World Health "The vaccines that most of the other countries have procured are vaccines that may not be ideal for SYMPTOMS: What are the symptoms of the coronavirus ? VARIANTS : How worrying are the new

In general, antibodies fight infection by learning to recognize a virus and signaling to the immune system that it should be destroyed. They do that by binding to the invader until it's wiped out. But if a virus is different enough from others to evade existing antibodies' search-and-destroy mechanisms, it can continue to wreak havoc.

The South African researchers set out to see whether antibodies developed in response to the original version of the coronavirus work to protect people from the new variant. They used blood samples from 44 patients who'd recovered from COVID-19 before the 501.Y.V2 variant was detected.

The scientists exposed the blood to the new variant and found that the antibodies in half of the samples were impotent against the strain. Antibodies in the other half of the samples mounted a weakened response.

These results "may foreshadow reduced efficacy" of existing vaccines, the team wrote. They also warned that people who've gotten the original coronavirus may be at risk of new infections from variants like 501.Y.V2.

New strains of COVID swiftly moving through the US need careful watch, scientists say

Each COVID-19 infection increases the risk of a mutation that could make it more infectious, deadlier, or different enough to make vaccines not work.But every time a virus like the one that causes COVID-19 copies itself, as it does millions of times inside each infected person, mistakes can happen. Instead of perfectly copying its 29,811 bases, the four-letter alphabet used to describe its genetic code, a wrong letter sneaks in.

Furthermore, Moore's group found that three types of monoclonal antibodies - laboratory-made antibodies designed to target the coronavirus - were ineffective against the variant. Doctors have been using monoclonal antibodies to treat patients; the Food and Drug Administration has authorized two such treatments.

© Juan Mabromata/AFP/Getty Images Scientists work at a monoclonal antibody laboratory plant in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on August 14, 2020. Juan Mabromata/AFP/Getty Images

Still, Moore said more data is needed to draw firm conclusions about how the variant interacts with antibodies inside the body, especially among people who've been vaccinated. The research also did not look at other elements of the immune system, like B cells, which play a critical role in developing new antibodies.

Nathan Grubaugh, an epidemiologist from the Yale School of Public Health, said it's hard to tell how well laboratory tests translate to reality in the body. A 90% reduction in protection during a lab test "may still mean complete protection in a human," he told Insider.

As the virus mutates, vaccines may need to evolve

© Vincent Kalut / Photonews via Getty Images A nurse holds a vial of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine. Vincent Kalut / Photonews via Getty Images

The 501Y.V2 variant has one particular mutation in its spike protein - the part the virus uses to invade cells - that has "been shown to reduce antibody recognition" among people who had a prior infection or vaccination, according to Francois Balloux, the director of the University College London Genetics Institute.

Questions About Coronavirus Variants, Answered

The emergence of faster-spreading variants of the coronavirus is increasing concern about the virus’s path just as the vaccines that many hope will bring an end to the pandemic are being distribu ted. There are at least three concerning variants currently spreading in countries around the world, according to Jay Butler, deputy director for infectious diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who spoke at a Friday briefing organized by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. One of the variants causing the most alarm—referred to as B.1.1.

Other mutations in the spike protein contribute to 501.Y.V2's increased infectiousness, the South African researchers said. That could explain why the country has been hit so hard since November. In the last two months, the number of new coronavirus cases per day in South Africa quintupled, from an average of 2,300 to 13,000. It hit a record high of nearly 22,000 cases on January 8, and the country's test-positivity rate doubled in December. By the end of 2020, 501.Y.V2 had replaced almost all other versions of the coronavirus in South Africa.

It has spread to at least 20 countries.

Other variants like the one found in the UK have similar mutations in their spike protein. But a preliminary study from Pfizer-BioNTech found that the company's coronavirus vaccine is effective against that variant.

Jesse Bloom, a biochemist a the Fred Hutch Institute in Seattle, said in a statement that he's "optimistic that current vaccines will remain quite useful," though he added that as the coronavirus continues to evolve, "eventually it may be necessary to update vaccines."

An updated vaccine could be 'rapidly deployed'

© Photo by CHANDAN KHANNA/AFP via Getty Images Moderna COVID-19 vaccination information kept at the Research Centers of America in Hollywood, Florida. Photo by CHANDAN KHANNA/AFP via Getty Images

All viruses mutate. Most mutations are inconsequential, but occasionally one appears that undermines the immunity people have acquired from a vaccination or prior infection. The flu, for instance, mutates quickly, which is why we have to get a new flu shot every year, and why flu vaccines aren't 100% effective.

Covid-19 Vaccines: Moderna vs. Pfizer—What Docs Need You to Know

Moderna and Pfizer are the first two Covid-19 vaccines available, but how do they compare? Here are the similarities and differences to know. The post Covid-19 Vaccines: Moderna vs. Pfizer—What Docs Need You to Know appeared first on The Healthy.

Thee coronavirus mutates slower than the flu. That's why Trevor Bedford, a virologist at Fred Hutch, predicted in April that "it will take the virus a few years to mutate enough to significantly hinder a vaccine." But Bedford didn't know at the time how much the virus would proliferate and how high case numbers would climb; the more chances a virus has to spread (and therefore replicate), the more likely mutations become.

On Wednesday, Bedford tweeted that "the emerging situation can be dealt with through a forthcoming vaccine update."

BioNTech, Pfizer's partner, said it could produce a new vaccine for a COVID-19 variant in about six weeks. Tal Zaks, Moderna's chief medical officer, said his company's process would be quick, too.

"I think our technology is very well suited to actually rapidly deploy a vaccine based on the new variant," Zaks said in a recent presentation at the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference.

That's because these mRNA vaccines don't contain dead versions of virus, but rather genetic instructions for the body to make one of the virus' signature proteins internally, thereby triggering an immune response. Tweaking those instructions is an easy switch.

The decision to sign off on a modified vaccine would then be up to regulators.

Immunity to a virus isn't all or nothing

© Jon Cherry/Getty Images Nurse Beth Sum receives a COVID-19 vaccination at the University of Louisville Hospital in Kentucky. Jon Cherry/Getty Images

Even if the variant does reduce how well current vaccines work, that doesn't mean protection from infection disappears completely, experts say.

"We often talk about immunity as sort of an all-or-nothing thing, but it's not," Jennie Lavine, a postdoctoral biology researcher at Emory University, told Insider.

The ideal level of protection is sterilizing immunity - when "we have such good immunity in the right places that the virus can't even replicate if it gets in," Lavine said.

But there's plenty of middle ground between that and zero immunity. For example, Lavine said, "the virus might be able to replicate some, maybe causes mild pathology, maybe transmits for a day or two instead of five or six days."

She added: "The chances that the new variant is getting us all the way from sterilizing immunity to no immunity is really unlikely."

It also helps that existing vaccines are highly effective against the original virus.

"The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are 95% effective - that's an extraordinary level of efficacy," Montefiori told CNN. "If it reduces to 90, 80, 70% effective, that is still very, very good and likely to have a major impact on the pandemic."

Catherine Schuster-Bruce and Aria Bendix contributed reporting to this story.